If no other style attributes are specified, then proc tabulate uses the default style attributes from the default style data. Proc tabulate computes many of the same statistics that are computed by other descriptive statistical procedures such as means, freq, and report. For more examples of denominator definitions, see how percentages are calculated in chapter 3, details of tabulate processing, in sas guide to tabulate processing. He used proc tabulate to generate part of these reports. The tabulate procedure displays descriptive statistics in tabular format, using some or all of the variables in a data set.
As you can see each of these statements, as well as the proc tabulate statement itself allows options to be added. I would like to replicate the output of proc means using proc tabulate. Ques serves as the row dimension while resp serves as the column dimension. Most users quickly find that the trial and error process shortens the learning curve. You can modify the format for printing values in table cells by doing the following.
The one feature of proc tabulate is the ability to do both frequency and statistical calculations on the data, and report in a tabular form, a bit clunky at times. This approach avoids many of the more complex tabulate methods. Increased security is possible because sensitive data does not have to be extracted from the database management system dbms. Because no summary statistics are requested, proc tabulate will default to a count. This video demonstrates using proc tabulate to develop the continuous descriptive table shown in excel earlier. Replicate proc means output in proc tabulate stack. The following example contains a group of two analysis variable.
This paper takes a quick look at the basics of the proc tabulate then quickly introduces percentages, taking a. Processing and cleaning streaming data in sas, kocak et al. The ods rtf statement produces output in rich text format rtf. It can work with the sas formats and labels discussed earlier in the course and can be applied to improve the display of the final table. For each of the statements, the options need to be preceded with a. If you want row headers to be defined for your table, you must use either the order or group option in the define. These advantages include increased security, reduced network traffic, and the potential for faster processing. Anyone can learn proc tabulate lauren haworth, genentech, inc. It can also handle multiple levels in both rows and columns whereas proc freq will only create two variable contingency tables. In this course, you developed your descriptive tables in excel, but sas offers proc tabulate for making tables that can be output to html or pdf format. Proc tabulate seems to be better for displaying hierarchical relationships. Indatabase processing has several advantages over processing within sas. Dec 16, 2020 when the data input data set is stored as a table or view in a dbms, the proc tabulate procedure can use in database processing to perform most of its work within the database. Sas arrays and macros make processing claims with multiple.
Pdf proc tabulate building tables with style researchgate. He liked the way this procedure crunched the numbers, but not the way the final reports looked. Proc tabulate by example, second edition sas support. Proc tabulate assigns characters in formattingcharacter s to position s, in the order in which they are listed. When by statements are specified, default labels for the by group tables are displayed in the table of contents in pdf and rtf output, the contents file in html output, the trace record created by the ods trace statement, and the entry list created by the list statement in proc document. Proc tabulate has its roots in a table generation program that had been. The techniques presented combine basic tabulate statements with data steps and other traditional sas procedures format, freq and univariate to produce reportready output. We provide our conclusions and future research plans in section 4. See, for more examples using formatting output, see proc tabulate by example, second edition. Proc tabulate proc tabulate automatically creates the correct column and row headers for you based on the variables used in the row and column dimensions. For an explanation of the program that produces this table, see specifying style overrides for ods output. The reason for this is that i would like to have a profit percentage or margin as one of the variables in the proc means output, but would like to suppress the calculation for one or more of the statistics i.
Getting started the basics of proc tabulate before delving into the complexities1 of proc tabulate, lets break this procedure down to the bare bones. Faster processing is possible because data is manipulated locally, on the dbms. You can create a variety of tables ranging from simple to highly customized. The procedure primarily is used to generate data summary tables. Proc tabulate code is somewhat challenging and this video introduces you to developing code to create categorical descriptive table demonstrated earlier in excel. The subject is rich enough that an entire book is devoted to proc tabulate called proc tabulate by example, by lauren e. Dec 16, 2020 you can use the output delivery system with proc tabulate to create customized output in html, rich text format rtf, portable document format pdf, and other output formats. In this example page, i will demonstrate a few simple proc tabulate examples. Introducing a colorful proc tabulate ben cochran, the bedford. Introduction to proc tabulate systems seminar consultants. The tabulate procedure is started with the proc tabulate statement.
Battle of the titans part ii proc tabulate versus proc. However, the syntax for proc tabulate is not particularly intuitive, so many programmers tend to shy away from it. First, make sure the data in your sas data set is correct the salescust sas data set used in our examples contains one row for each sales transaction identifying the customer, date, amount, etc. As you can see below, this creates the labels and counts successfully but puts both as rows. Inconvenient to build tables with multiple nesting and complicated structures. The class statement tells sas that these variables are categorical variables. Proc tabulate is predominately used to make nice looking tables. If no other formats are specified, then proc tabulate uses the default format 12.
Unlike proc freq this procedure can handle multiple variables in the row and column expressions. The var statement tells sas that these variables are analysis variables. It was built by merging the staff, sales and cust sas data sets. Pdf results from proc tabulate with implicit page breaks. Some of the examples cover how to choose statistics for the table, labeling variables and statistics, how. The format option in the proc tabulate statement changes the default format. Proc tabulate building tables with style michael eberhart, mph, department of public health, philadelphia, pa abstract this paper describes how to build and customize tables using proc tabulate. You can use the data step to slice and dice your data, and there are dozens of procedures that will process your data and produce all kinds of statistics.
Then you have the value 1 to 5 or whatever in a single variable for the categorical processing. The sas procedure proc tabulate is very useful for summarizing data. Not impossible but is going to be another custom format. And unlike proc report, proc tabulate is compatible with multilabel formats, making it possible to create hierarchical tables with groups and subgroups. Proc tabulate determines the format to use for a particular cell from the following default order of precedence for formats.
For more information on formatting output, see chapter 5 controlling the tables appearance in the sas guide to tabulate processing. In the proc tabulate a second table is needed because of the behavior of crossing statistics, i. Proc tabulate computes a variety of statistics, and it neatly packages the results in a single table. If the accessibletableon system option is specified and the tabulate table has page dimension text, then that text is the accessible caption. For more examples of denominator definitions, see how percentages are calculated in chapter 3, details of tabulate processing in sas guide to tabulate processing. Proc report proc report automatically defines column headers correctly. Finally several examples are shown for how to clean up the tables using both standard proc tabulate options as well as several style options within ods. The formats for data in table cells serve two purposes. This introduction to proc tabulate first looks at the basic syntax of proc tabulate and then, using a series of examples, shows how to produce one, two and three dimensional tables. In database processing can provide the advantages of faster processing and reduced data transfer between the database and sas software. In those cases, you can specify the threads option in the proc tabulate statement to force proc tabulate to use parallel processing. Getting it done with proc tabulate sas proceedings and more. The style option in the proc tabulate statement changes the default style attributes. Creating customized word tables with table of contents.
Deciding which one is best to use depends on the business scenario and the knowledge of the programmer. At first glance, proc tabulate code looks like many other sas procedures. Variables ques and resp must be included in a class statement if they are to be used in a table statement. The output from proc tabulate goes to each of these files. This is why every sas user needs to know how to use proc tabulate. You can use the output delivery system with proc tabulate to create customized output in html, rich text format rtf, portable document format pdf, and other output formats. Additionally, in this example the noseps option on the proc statement is used to remove the separation lines between rows within the body of the table. Getting it done with proc tabulate sas proceedings and. The syntax used to invoke proc tabulate and proc report differ from one another, and both are complicated. For information about creating accessible proc tabulate tables, see creating accessible tables with the tabulate procedure in creating accessible sas output using ods and ods graphics. Data checking with sas proc tabulate my previous contributions on sas macro va riables van santen, 2009a,b introduced the basic aspects of this time saving tool and how it might be employed in.
Proc tabulate can be a very powerful tool for creating professional looking tables. How to customize the report with certain formats using the template sas procedure. For more information, see indatabase processing for proc tabulate. The examples above work well in business scenarios where there are a small set of specifically defined. How to create publication quality summary tables using the tabulate and report sas procedures in. This procedure is often used to create tables to be used in publications because it allows for a great deal. Proc tabulate is a useful sas procedure to display statistics in tabular forms. Introduction proc tabulate is a procedure used to display descriptive statistics in tabular format.
Proc tabulate is especially useful for qualitative variables or for breaking down quantitative variables for di erent class variables. Basic code for proc tabulate to get the desired output would be like this. The following chapters walk you through the process of building proc tabulate tables step by step, with plenty of examples, from basic to advanced. As in proc summary, class is used to specify clas sification variables and v ar to specify analysis vari ables. Bureau of labor statistics during the 1970s, for generating tabular reports of descriptive statistics involving employment data. Introduction to proc tabulate sas proceedings and more. Much of the statement structure and syntax was directly adapted into proc tabulate. Proc tabulate determines the style attributes to use for a particular cell from the following default order of precedence for styles. It is easy to learn and lets you write advanced reports with little coding. Introducing a colorful proc tabulate ben cochran, the. Beginning with the code for a basic table, step by step instructions will be provided to expand and enhance any table with proc tabulate.
Using proc tabulate the proc tabulate routine is a popular substitute for proc means, proc freq, and even proc print because the output produced can be manipulated to have a better appearance. The class statement tells sas which variables you are going to be using in the table to categorize your. The simplest proc tabulate includes a class statement and a table statement. Proc tabulate uses the value of the sas system option threads except when a by statement is specified or the value of the sas system option cpucount is less than 2. While the tabulate procedure does not do anything that you cannot do with other procedures, the payoff is in the output. Specifying a denominator for the pctn statistic the following proc tabulate step calculates the n statistic and three different versions of pctn using the data set energy. The user defined format mapping is independent of a sas dataset and variables and must be explicitly s a signed in a subsequent datastep andor proc. Proc tabulate and proc report are both capable of generating similar tabular reports in many situations, each of these procedures has strengths and weaknesses. The workhorses of customized report writing proc tabulate.
For indatabase processing to occur, your data must reside within a supported version of a dbms that has been properly configured for sas indatabase processing. The tabulate procedure 4 terminology 1155 terminology figure 37. Proc tabulate repeated values sas support communities. Tabulate that rent is an analysis variable, you use a var statement. In this presentationpaper, we will give an overview of proc tabulate syntax, and then discuss stylistic customizations, calculating percentages, dealing with missing values, creating and processing proc tabulate output data sets. This is one of the very few places where are used and is done so because it means something radically different than. To illustrate the similarities and differences between proc tabulate and other sas procedures, the following example takes the same analysis and produces the results, first using proc means and then using proc tabulate. One of the most interesting features of the procedure is the amount of flexibility in designing the structure of the displayed table in terms of row. For information on which hexadecimal codes to use for which characters, consult the documentation for your hardware. Also, i will demonstrate a few basic tricks to change the table to your liking. Proc format can be viewed as a table lookup allowing 1to1 mapping or manyto1 mapping. The default format for values in table cells is 12. Proc tabulate code is very extensible and can be modified to create tables of any format. The following proc tabulate step calculates the n statistic and three different versions of pctn using the data set energy.
Examples of proc template code will be provided to modify existing sas styles, and picture formats will be used to enhance table output. Proc format is a procedure that creates mappings of data values into data labels. How to generate customized toc using the ods rtf contents option and proc template for print, report and tabulate sas procedures. Lets take a look at the basic syntax of the proc tabulate procedure. The ods pdf statement produces output in portable document format pdf. However your specified table layout has some strikes against doing it with proc tabulate easily. Introducing a colorful proc tabulate ben cochran, the bedford group, raleigh, nc abstract several years ago, one of my clients was in the business of selling reports to hospitals. Proc sql is a handy procedure that can be used in addition to proc tabulate to process summary tables with very little code. Proc tabulate is mainly used to create a professional looking table. Proc tabulate has its roots in a table generation program that had been developed by the bureau of labor statistics rhodes, 2005. Standard sas procedure statements such as for mat, label, and by are all supported, although the latter is rarely required by tabulate. All class variable concatenation blank operator format modifiers grouping elements parentheses operator rts var statement.
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